![]() Elevated SMRs for several other cancers were also noted (lip, oral cavity and pharynx 344, stomach 121, female breast 134, prostate 128, and leukaemias 168), but these did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, statistically significantly higher SMRs were identified for lung cancer (SMR = 145, 95% CI 100-203, p-value = 0.047) and cancer of the kidney and other genitourinary organs among women (SMR = 368, 95% CI 119-858, p-value = 0.025). The SMR for all cause mortality was 98 (95% CI 89-107) and for all cancer mortality 114 (95% CI 94-136). ResultsĪ total of 474 deaths were observed. We calculated gender, age, and period standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all deaths, cancer deaths, and specific cancer types of Oinofita residents over an 11-year period (1999 - 2009), using the greater prefecture of Voiotia as the standard population. We conducted an ecological mortality study within the Oinofita region of Greece, where water has been contaminated with hexavalent chromium. Water contaminated with hexavalent chromium is a worldwide problem, making this a question of significant public health importance. Newport News Waterworks adheres to drinking water regulations set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and guidance provided by the Virginia Department of Health (the regional VDH Office of Drinking Water is located in Norfolk).Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen when inhaled, but its carcinogenic potential when orally ingested remains controversial. Currently in the state of Virginia no laboratories are certified by EPA because it is not a regulated contaminant.If utilities across America are mandated to test for Cr+6, Newport News Waterworks will meet the mandate required by EPA. While Newport News Waterworks does not currently regularly test for Cr+6, we are aware of the efforts and study being done by the Water Research Foundation.Cr+6 is one of 20 chemicals currently being reviewed by EPA for possible further regulation in drinking water. The review of this study will determine if Cr+6 should be regulated and at what level. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrences and levels of Cr+6 across the country. Newport News Waterworks participated in a 2013/2014 study mandated by EPA for large utilities across the country to monitor and test for Cr+6.Because a study published in 2007 by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) concluded that Cr+6 is carcinogenic when ingested in drinking water, utilities and public health officials have begun to investigate the feasibility of reducing hexavalent chromium concentrations in drinking water. ![]() ![]() Is not currently regulated individually by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and hence water utilities are not required to meet a minimum level of Cr+6 at the treatment plants or in the distribution system.Newport News Waterworks is in compliance with the current regulation for Total Chromium, which has a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 0.1 mg/l or 100 ug/l. Attention was brought to Chromium 6 by the Erin Brokovich case in California. Chromium 6 (Cr+6) – Water sources can be affected as it has been demonstrated to be a human carcinogen when inhaled.Chromium 3(Cr+3) – No evidence this form is a health risk and is an essential nutrient for the body.There are two forms that make up Total Chromium: Chromium naturally occurs in rocks, animals, plants, soil and in volcanic dust gases. Hexavalent Chromium (Cr+6) is a form of the metallic element chromium. HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM FACT SHEET DATE: September 2016
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